Mitral Valve Disease (MVD) is a hereditary condition, although its specific inheritance mode remains undisclosed. MVD can manifest as a natural facet of the ageing process in both humans and animals. However, within the Cavalier breed, a subset of dogs may encounter this condition prematurely, resulting in heart murmurs as the valve's efficacy in blood circulation diminishes.

Some Cavaliers may develop mild murmurs in their middle years that never progress further. Others might experience murmur onset later in life, yet still attain an average lifespan of approximately 12 years. However, a limited percentage of Cavaliers will see their life expectancy curtailed due to this heart ailment.

Diagnosis involves auscultation with a stethoscope, with murmur severity categorized on a scale ranging from I to 6. Additionally, ultrasound can be employed to gauge the extent of the issue. Responsible breeders should consistently screen their dogs, favouring those with ancestors displaying longevity.

Various drug treatments are accessible, which can effectively sustain a high quality of life in aged dogs, even in the presence of substantial heart murmurs.

To support comprehensive health evaluation, The Scottish Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club coordinates frequent heart clinics, extending their services to both club members and non-members. These clinics provide the opportunity for dogs to undergo assessment by specialised veterinary cardiologists, leading to the issuing and registration of certificates detailing examination outcomes.

The Kennel Club, as of 2018, has introduced a new heart scheme for Cavaliers –

https://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/health-and-dog-care/health/getting-started-with-health-testing-and-screening/heart-scheme-for-cavalier-king-charles-spaniels/

The breeding advice on this scheme, varies depending on the heart grades your dog receives - and their age - and is known as  green, amber and red depending on the severity diagnosed.

Syringomyelia (SM/CM) is an inherited condition and is thought to have a complex, polygenetic nature of inheritance. International research, supported by contributions from breeders and clubs, seeks responsible genes.

Chiari-like malformation (CM) stems from a brain-skull mismatch. Partial skull-spine blockages disrupt cerebrospinal fluid flow, leading to fluid-filled spinal cavities known as syrinxes.

Dogs with syrinxes might remain symptom-free, detectable only via MRI scans under anaesthesia. MRI availability varies depending on location and affordability, however more breeders are now screening dogs under specialist neurologists' care.

Mature dogs should undergo scanning before breeding to inform mating choices. CM/SM's hereditary nature is evident in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and Griffon Bruxellois, suspected in King Charles Spaniels and other breeds. While mild CM/SM may appear asymptomatic, severe cases display pain, touch sensitivity, and neurological signs.

Scratching, neck sensitivity, and pain symptoms mirror common ailments, warranting thorough investigation before assuming SM. Affected dogs have access to drug treatments for an enhanced quality of life.

The intricate nature of CM/SM poses challenges for breeders. UK research advocates breeding SM-free dogs, especially those clear in later scans, for optimal results in subsequent generations, mitigating risk of affected offspring.

Ichthyosiform dermatosis and ongenital keratoconjunctivitis sicca, commonly known as curly coat and dry eye, cast their shadow upon a dog's eyes and skin.

Survival beyond birth unveils a complex scenario—dogs afflicted with these conditions cease tear production, leaving their eyes painfully dry. The skin, too, succumbs to a flaky, dry demeanour, with a pronounced impact on areas such as the paws, making standing and walking a source of discomfort.

To pave the path towards resolution, genetic mutations responsible for these conditions demand scrutiny. When breeding, DNA testing to identify carriers is a strategic move. Breeding "clear" dogs or "clear" and "carrier" pairs ensures no affected offspring, potentially erasing this syndrome within one or two generations.

In the realm of eye health, vigilance is paramount. Regular eye testing is advised, empowering Cavalier owners to engage veterinary ophthalmic specialists. Keep an ear to the ground for forthcoming eye testing dates as part of our latest news.

Among potential eye concerns, Multi-focal Retinal Dysplasia (MRD) makes an appearance. Detectable as early as 5 weeks through ophthalmoscopic examination, MRD spans a spectrum from minor folds or rosettes on the retina to rare cases of detachment or haemorrhage. Typically found in both eyes, its impact on vision varies, contingent upon the extent of abnormality. Mild cases pose minor concern for pet owners who don't intend to breed, while severe MRD accompanied by detachment raises red flags, as it's inherited recessively.

Hereditary cataracts can become apparent from 6 to 9 months onward or potentially years later. Over time, cataract progression can obscure the lens, causing visual impairment. Surgical intervention to remove cataracts is becoming more commonplace, despite the origin remaining enigmatic.

Dry eye, stemming from insufficient tear production, can be congenital, yet often emerges in adulthood, occasionally embracing an autoimmune nature.

Episodic falling is an infrequent neurological condition triggered by exercise, excitement, or frustration. This results in heightened muscle tone, rendering dogs unable to relax, causing rigidity and falls. They recover within minutes, typically without lingering effects.

Clinical signs usually emerge before a year of age, often initiating between four to seven months. If suspected, consult a Veterinary Surgeon.

DNA tests can be obtained from various sources including the Royal Kennel Club.